The Sikh scripture opens with the Mul Mantar or alternatively spelled "Mool Mantar" ( ਮੂਲ ਮੰਤਰ), fundamental prayer about Ik Onkar ( ੴ, ' One God'). Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru (1606–1644), established the concept of mutual co-existence of the miri ('political'/'temporal') and piri ('spiritual') realms. Guru Nanak taught that living an "active, creative, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" is above metaphysical truth, and that the ideal man "establishes union with God, knows His Will, and carries out that Will". The tenth guru, Gobind Singh (1666–1708), named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, bringing to a close the line of human gurus and establishing the scripture as the 11th and last eternally living guru, a religious spiritual/life guide for Sikhs. Sikhism developed from the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak (1469–1539), the faith's first guru, and the nine Sikh gurus who succeeded him. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups and among the largest in the world, with about 25–30 million adherents (known as Sikhs). Sikhism ( / ˈ s ɪ k ɪ z əm/ SIK-iz-əm), also known as Sikhi ( Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖੀ Sikkhī, ⓘ, from ਸਿੱਖ, Sikh, 'disciple / learner') is an Indian religion and philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE.
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